Sunday, October 22, 2017

Got Milk

This week we will wrap up our unit on Chemistry.  In class last week we discussed whether or not you liked milk.  I would say that our class is about 50/50 on the milk issue.  This is a super interesting video put out by the Howard Hughes Institute about lactose tolerance and evolution.  Essentially, one video actually ties together three different units in Honors Biology:  Biochemistry, Enzymes and Digestion and finally Evolution. 


What causes lactose persistence?  Normally, what happens to our ability to digest lactose as we get older?  What is the enzyme that helps break apart lactose into glucose and galactose?  What caused the different mutations in the Finnish and the African people?  Was it the same mutation?  Why is milk good for you?  What was the factor that helped "weed out" the people that were not able to digest lactose? 

Your assignment this week is to watch the video and answer some of the questions above in a well constructed paragraph.  Also in your paragraph I want you to state whether or not you like milk.  Additionally, I would like you to state whether your family likes milk and where your family's ancestors are from.  In addition to your post, you will also need to respond to at least one of your peers. 

74 comments:

  1. Throughout the video, I learned more about milk and learned that the cause of lactose persistence is the continued activity of the lactose enzymes. As we get older, lactose enzymes are still in order. The enzyme that helps break lactose into glucose and galactose is lactase. Also, mutation barely existed in Africa. However, Sarah Tishkoff and her colleagues found a different lactose persistence mutation. The two mutations has arisen independently in two different populations in each case providing adults with the ability to digest milk. The researchers studied the Finnish and their DNA to see around the region where the gene was where it was affecting the metabolism of lactose. Also, milk is good for you because milk is very protein and fat-rich. The protein in milk is of the highest quality. Gene culture coevolution is how human behavior is a product of two different and interacting evolutionary processes. Personally, I sort of like milk depending on the scenario but my family likes milk.

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    1. I agree with Ellyse, I'll drink milk on occasion depending on the dinner.

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    2. I agree with everything that you said but were are your ancestors from and do you believe that you will become lactose intolerant?

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    3. I agree, milk is definitely good depending on what you're eating.

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    4. Will you eat other dairy products or do you only sometimes like milk? I also have a cousin who doesn't like milk nor is she able to drink it. I wonder if those two have anything to do with each other...

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    5. I agree, what meal i'm eating is definitely a factor of whether I will drink milk with that meal.

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  2. Although only ⅓ of adults are lactose persistent, milk is very important in a human diet because it gives us a rich source of calcium; therefore, helping us to have healthy bones and teeth. There are many mutations that can cause lactose intolerance, such as one base difference of a “t” instead of a “c” in DNA. Milk is broken down with an enzyme called lactase in order to convert the lactose into glucose and galactose, which flows into the blood stream giving us energy. In humans that are lactose intolerant, they have an insufficient amount of lactase enzymes to break down lactose molecules. I personally am not a fan of just drinking milk, but I love ice cream, cheese and most dairy products. Similarly, my dad’s side of the family comes from Germany and Switzerland, and they enjoy milk. In comparison, my mom’s side of the family doesn’t drink milk even though the come from Poland and Norway. In research, scientists found that most european heritage are lactose persistent, and most asians are lactose intolerant.

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    1. I don't like drinking milk either, but like you, I love other dairy products like ice cream and cheese. I wonder why that is.

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    2. I agree with you I do enjoy ice cream but I do not like drinking milk.

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    3. My sister is the same way, she hates milk and will never drink it. She will eat ice cream and other foods that contain milk which is just very odd to me

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    4. I agree, I don't like milk but a lot of my family members like milk as well. I love eating other dairy products though.

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    5. I agree that ice cream is by far the best dairy product,and milk by its self is kinda plain however in a bowl of cereal occasionally is really good two.

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    6. I have family from Norway and Poland too, but they like milk. I wonder why that differs from your family.

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    7. I agree. I don't enjoy milk on its own but I love ice cream and other dairy products.

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    8. I think that's so weird. Does your body like react different because it's not used to milk?

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  3. Lactose persistence they lose their ability to drink milk. When our ability to digest lactose as we get older, the ability to produce the enzymes that breaks down lactose persists beyond childhood. The the different mutations in the Finnish and African people are caused by the cows. Milk is good for you because it help your bones develop and grow. Personally I love milk. I have never had problems with digesting milk. I think it tastes good. My dad and I drink the most milk out of everyone in the family. My ancestors are from Eastern and central Europe I believe Hungary and Poland.

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    1. Is most of your family lactose persistent or just you and your dad?

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  4. Lactose persistence is caused by a DNA mutation in chromosome 2
    where there is a T instead of a C in the code.As a child anyone can consume lactose but as we get older we lose the enzyme called lactate that break down lactose.It is show that on a graph people with ancestors from Europe are to be Lactose persistent.And those of Asia are not.My ancestors what I know of is that my grandmother is full Irish and My grandfather is from Europe but is not specified where.But my Mother is from Mexico.My family for the most part doesn't like milk.My Mother & father is Lactose-Intolerant but he does consume it once and awhile.On the other hand I'm not lactose intolerant.My Take on milk is that as a Child I loved milk but now I don't drink it as often.

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    1. If you don't get sick consuming lactose, do you think it is possible that the lactose persistence gene mutation was passed down to you from your grandfather?

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    2. I dont drink milk much either. I am not really sure if i am or not. I think I can tho.

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    3. I think it is interesting how welose our ability to drink milk as we grow older even though it is very good for you.

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    4. As a child i would drink allot of milk. Now i don't drink as much milk but i really like milk.I also think that it is really cool how being lactose intolerant depends on where your ancestors lived and if they were lactose intolerant.

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  5. I watched the evolution of lactose persistence and I learned that, milk is very good for you it has the highest quality protein and has a lot of good fat. Some people are lactose intolerant with means that they don’t have lactase, which is an enzyme that breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose. However some people love milk and have this enzyme even through adulthood. Scientist have found that a genetic mutation actually attributes to this persistence for example in Finnish people it is the difference between a C and a T. This mutation is present through most of Europe and parts of Africa. It may have also helped weed out people who didn’t have it in times of famine where if you crops failed you really only had you milk left and if you got sick you probably died. Now me and most of many family love milk and drink it to this day which sort of makes sense since me and my whole family are from Europe.

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  6. Lactose persistence is caused by a mutation that keeps the production of enzymes that break lactose down into Glucose and Galactose. When we get old our bodies stop producing the enzyme that breaks down lactose. Milk is helpful because it contains protein and fats that are good for you but also it is less likely to be contaminated by parasites. What caused the different mutations was how much milk was in there diet and how they used it. They figured this out by studying their DNA and comparing it to someone that is not lactose persistent. I really like milk anything that has milk in it like cheese, ice cream etc. My mom’s side is from Hungary, Italy, Holland and my dad’s side is from England and Austria but both sides are from Poland and Russia. My parent both don't like milk but only my dad can drink it other then me and my sister.

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  7. I learned that lactose persistence is caused by a DNA mutation in chromosome 2 where instead of having a C there is a T. Some people lose the ability to consume lactose due to the fact they no longer produce the enzyme called lactate which break down the lactose into glucose and galactose which are easier sugars to process. This is all based on where your ancestors originated from, if they are from Europe or parts of Africa the they can still consume lactose as adults. Most of my family is from Germany, Wales, and Italy and both my parents can still tolerate lactose

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  8. After watching the video about lactose persistence, I learned that lactose persistence is part of a gene that not many adult mammals have. This gene is used to digest milk, if lost you may become lactose intolerant. It is commonly passed throughout families such of finnish descent or african. These aren’t always the same gene mutations to create this trait, the coding of DNA for this gene was found different between Finnish and African. Personally I love milk, regular, chocolate and strawberry! My family follows this and most of them are from a European country.

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    1. To counter-act your opinion... I am personally lactose intolerant and I do agree that it is genetic because my father is also lactose intolerant.

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  9. The evolution of lactose persistence video explained to me the research they did on lactose persistence. Lactose persistence is the continue of lactose enzymes as you get older. Even though adults stop consuming lactose because it could give them pain, the compounds of lactose are very important in the human body. Milk is very important because it contains these important compounds that provide energy. Some people have a genetic attribute that doesn't allow them to digest milk properly (C and T). This is the most common in Europe and areas in Africa. My brothers and I love milk, at least I think. I've never had a problem with milk and it's not that bad.

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  10. Lactose persistance is caused by the DNA mutation enzymes in your body. As you get older, most people are not able to digest lactose anymore and that enzyme almost breaks down. It is very interesting. I also think that it is crazy that there is different lactose tolerance based upon who your ancestors were. In the video, they did an experiment with old pots to see if there was calcium in them. This was so they could know if they people they were studying had ancestors who used milk in their food. The test came out positive. My family personally drinks quite a bit of milk. At least 2-3 gallons a week. Most of my moms side of the family is able to digest milk with an exception of my mom and grandma. This side of the family is German and Dutch. On the other hand, there is my dads side of the family who has no problems digesting milk. This side is Polish.

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  11. I found the video very interesting because of the things it talked about. And its really interesting that only certain people can dissolve it. I find it interesting that they found out the specific part of DNA that shows lactose intolerance.
    And that they found it in 2 different areas for 2 different reasons. And it also shows how precise DNA has to be.

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  12. Throughout this video, I learned that lactase breaks apart lactose. Our bodies create lactase in the digestive system, because the lactose in milk is not easily digested. As we grow older, our production of lactase decreases, resulting in something called lactose intolerance. About 1/3 of all adult humans can still digest lactose at an older age, but most adult animals cant at all. The minority that can are called lactose persistent. The mutation that causes lactose persistence is found in a specific segment of chromosome 2, between a T and a C. Personally, I do not drink milk or eat a lot of really anything containing a lot of milk. I do eat ice cream every now and then, but that is the only thing that contains milk that I consume frequently. There are people in my family that are lactose intolerant, like my mom, but then there are also people who are lactose persistent, like my dad.

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  13. In the video about lactose I learned many things. Lactose is a disacchride. In milk there is lactose, in milk there is sugar which enters our blood system and acts as energy for our bodies. The reason some people can and can't digest lactose is because your DNA in chromosome 2 has a "T" instead of a "C". It really makes a big difference in life who you come from because obviously if your genes have it you are more likely to have it.Milk is full of protein and fat which makes it a great food and drink for people. Lactose is all around our everyday diet so not being able to digest it correctly as an adult can make a big difference in life. I love milk, I drink it everyday and love foods with milk in it. I'm glad that I can correctly digest Milk and hope to always keep it that way. My dad likes milk and he is from Ireland which makes sense. My mom however hates milk and she is from Czech, which is a little odd because that is in Europe.

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  14. Lactose persistence is when you can digest lactose. Normally when we get older we don't produce lactase which is what we need to digest lactose. When we get older we usually can't digest milk. The mutation in the finnish people was one C instead of a T. In the african people the there was a C instead of a G. The people from these places were very centered around a cow. They drank the cows milk ton and it was their monetary system as well. Among other things. Milk is good for you because it is very protein and fat rich. It was the only food that was produced to be consumed. The fact that people could drink the milk in the time of a famine and not get diarrhea from it.

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  15. Lactose persistence is when people lose their lactase as they grow older and they can't digest milk anymore. lactase breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose. both the Finnish and Africans used domestic animals for milk. Milk was used longer than 9000 years ago. For five people who survived without this trait long ago, 105 people with the trait survived. Milk is very nutritious and was needed long ago. People were able to weed out people that are lactose persistent by whether or not they had the side effects of drinking milk with lactose persistence which would be stomach aches or diarrhea. My whole family is not lactose persistent. The only one who doesn't like milk is my one sister and I have six people in my family. Milk is necessary for a healthy body and help strengthen our bones.

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  16. Lactase Persistence is the ability for someone to produce the enzyme that breaks down lactose, to the point where it lasts beyond childhood and throughout someone’s life. The enzyme that breaks down lactose is lactase. Personally, I don’t like milk, but I like eating other dairy products like ice cream or cheese. A lot of my other family member like drinking milk though. My ancestors are from Italy and Greece and my dad’s side is from specifically Sicily. In the video they showed that a lot of Sicily aren’t very lactase persistent, only by about 50%-60%. On the other hand though, the video also showed that a lot of Europe is lactase persistent, especially in the Northern Europe.

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    1. I also enjoy milk in other dairy products. Do you think someone carrying lactase persistance find it easier to stay healthy?

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  17. throughout the video it talked about lactose persistance and i learned that people and animals cant drink milk normally but with a genetic mutation people can drink milk. The video said 1 out of 3 people are lactose persistance but its because people started drinking milk in places where they kept livestock for food and it isnt some natural mutation anyone can just have. I also learned how healthy milk is, I always knew it was healthy but I didnt know how healthy it was. I wonder why people develop lactose intolerance when milk is so healthy is there a reason peoples bodies do it like it used to be bad for adults so they evolved to be lactose intolerant and why are all animals lactose intolerant when theyre adults.

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  18. According to evolution of lactose, genetics and DNA from ancestors who pastured animals are the cause of lactose persistence.Their use of milk in everyday helped their genetics change and that was carried on to current day generations. Because of famine situations people who were non lactose persistence would have died off more than those who were lactose persistent. As we get older our tolerance to milk goes away, despite the fact that we're all capable of drinking it young. Milk helps our bones grow and if you were lactose persistence should there ever be a famine you would survive.

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  19. Lactose intolerance is caused by stopping the produce of lactase in your body which then means you cant break apart the sugars giving you digestion problems. The opposite of that is lactose persistence which means you are still able to break down the sugars well into your adult lives. Only about 1/3 adults are lactose persistent. Scientists are explaining this by DNA mutations. Europe(Finland) have a genetic mutation of one different code. There is a T instead of C. And in eastern Africa there is a G instead of a C. Which are not the same mutation meaning there could be more than two mutations. On another note, there are two sides to if milk is good or not. The video talked about milk being good. The video that since milk is protein and fat rich, it means that its a safer drink.

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  20. Personally I really like milk and all of its dairy ancestors and my family uses quite a bit of dairy too and my dad's side of the family is from Scandinavia while my moms side of the family is from Ireland. We use dairy a lot and we don't really think about its benefits or negatives. Every other night we are allowed a small dessert and I usually choose ice cream (not to mention mint chip is the best)and I know that that's not healthy but milk might be.In the video I thought it was really interesting how one difference in a letter in your DNA could make such a drastic change.

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    1. I like milk but I wouldn't die for it

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    2. I would agree on that. Mint Chip is by far the best flavor of ice cream.

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    3. I agree it's actually really cool that little differences are so important in our DNA.

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  21. Lactose persistence is caused by a genetic mutation. All mammals are able to digest milk as infants due to our ability to produce lactase, but as we get older, it usually disappears, leaving us unable to digest the milk. The mutation that causes adults to digest dairy was caused when Northern Europeans and Africans raised cattle, which presented a consistent source of protein and nutrition. This mutation was needed so that the people had a source of food. This mutation was similar, but different, between the Europeans and Africans due to their similar needs. Overall, milk can be useful, especially to people without a good source of nutrition.

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  22. Lactase persistence is the continued activity of the enzyme lactase in adulthood. All of us are born with the ability to make this lactase, which helps our small intestines digest the sugar lactose found in milk. Lactase is also the enzyme that helps break apart lactose into glucose and galactose, which makes it easier to digest milk. While some people believe milk is bad for you, I think milk is good for you. It provides plenty of protein. Milk is a healthy drink to keep you hydrated. Milk is also good for the bones because it offers lots of calcium, which is healthy for healthy bones and teeth. Overall, milk is something that we should drink everyday.

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  23. Lactose persistence means that you can no longer drink milk. The only adults that can consume milk and not be harmed are adult humans. While watching the video i learned that genes are regulated by DNA. The guy in the video said that milk is amazing because its the only thing made to be eaten because nothing else wants to be eaten. The video also said that there are some parts of the world where mostly everyone is lactose tolerant. I really like milk and other dairy products.

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    1. I really like milk and other dairy products to Christian

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  24. Personally, I’m not that much of a milk fan but I will drink it when necessary. My family is split between lactose persistent and lacking the the enzyme to break apart lactose, lactase. This could be due to different genetic mutations similar to the study done by the article. They found that in genetic code a difference between someone who is lactose persistence is a matter of a T or G instead of a C in genetic code. Those are able to drink milk in my family, drink it quite often. My mom whose grandparents are from Mexico, had a cow that they preferred to get their milk from. Although I’m not a fan of milk, I do think I should start drinking it more often. It’s benefits include reduction of exposure to pathogens and parasites, protein and fat rich components which will ultimately help me in the long run.

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    1. I am not a milk fan either. I agree that it does have health benefits that will help in the long run.

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    2. do you think that you not liking milk has something to do with your dads side of the family?

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  25. I like milk but am not super crazy for it.My family also likes milk but isn't to crazy about it.Lactose persistence is caused by a DNA mutation in chromosome 2 where there is a T instead of a C in the code.When our ability to digest lactose as we get older, the ability to produce the enzymes that breaks down lactose persists beyond childhood.the enzyme is lactase. Cows caused the mutation sin Africans and Finnish. Milk is good for you cause it helps you build muscles.

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  26. Lactose persistence is caused by the enzyme lactase, which breaks lactose down into glucose and galactose, to be continued to be produced into adulthood, and is only found in ⅓ of adults. Without lactase being produced, it is incredibly difficult to digest lactose. This mutation originated in the Finnish and African people, but they were different mutations. The Finnish mutation was a T instead of a C in their DNA, and the African mutation was a G instead of a C in their DNA, but both developed for the same reason: milk was being drank more widely in their cultures. Personally, I’m not the biggest fan of milk, but with it being protein and fat rich, I’ll still drink it when we drink it with dinner or breakfast occasionally. My family is mostly from Germany, but I also have some French and Dutch ancestry.

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    1. I'm also not a big fan of milk but I'll sometimes drink it.

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  27. Lactose persistence is the continued activity of the lactase enzyme into adulthood. Usually in adulthood the lactase enzyme starts being produced less and many adults become lactose intolerant. Surprisingly, only ⅓ of adults can consume dairy without side effects. Lactase is the enzyme that helps break apart lactose into glucose and galactose and determines whether someone is lactose intolerant or not. That is the case in most of the world, but not in Finland and Africa. Throughout those parts of the world the high prevalence of lactose tolerance in Finland and Africa may be explained by immigration of people from areas where milk is a more common part of people's diets. The people who are low on the lactase enzyme are lacking in some minerals and need to find other ways to keep a healthy body. Milk is good for the bones because it offers a rich source of calcium and vitamin D, which are essential for healthy bones and teeth and that is why some people take supplements to keep healthy bones and teeth. Finally, me and my family all have no lactose intolerance. My family’s ancestors are from many places, including Italy, Germany, Sweden, Poland, Ireland, Cherokee, India, etc. That does not include either Finland or Africa so i'm not sure why there are no lactose intolerance issues.

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  28. Throughout the video, I learned more about milk than I knew existed. Typically, as people get older, they lose the ability to digest lactose, which is found in milk. This is because when people are born, they have an enzyme called Lactase. Lactase helps break down lactose into smaller molecules so that they may enter the bloodstream and give the consumer energy and protein. As most people age,the lactase enzyme disappears and they lose the ability to digest lactose. The lactose goes straight through the small intestine to the large intestine, which can result in problems such as cramping. However, some people are lactose persistent, meaning that lactase is still working and being used to break down lactose. This persistence is most common in people with ancestors from Europe and Africa. The ancient people of these regions domesticated animals and drank their milk, therefore, the lactose persistance is in their DNA, which is passed down to people living in the modern world. My family is from Norway on my dad's side, and Poland on my mom's side. My family does like to drink milk, and with our ancestry, that makes sense.

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  29. Lactose persistence is when the ability to digest lactose in milk continues into adulthood. This is a unique trait because other mammals lose their ability to digest milk. This is because they stop producing lactase, an enzyme necessary for breaking lactose into glucose and galactose. This makes it easier to digest milk. The genetic mutation that allows for some people to digest milk into adulthood arose in Finland and Africa because of their use of cows. Milk is good for you because it has lots of protein and fats. It is possible to see if someone is lactose persistent by testing how much lactase they produce. Personally, I find milk absolutely revolting, and I think it's kind of weird that we drink milk from cows. My mom shares my opinion on milk, but my dad, sister, and brother drink milk pretty frequently. My family is mostly German, so I guess it makes sense.

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    1. I think milk is pretty good, but I can understand why you might not like it, and it is a little weird drinking the fluids of another animal (maybe we should harvest our milk from other humans, that sounds like a great idea!)

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  30. What causes lactose persistence? Normally, what happens to our ability to digest lactose as we get older? What is the enzyme that helps break apart lactose into glucose and galactose? What caused the different mutations in the Finnish and the African people? Was it the same mutation? Why is milk good for you? What was the factor that helped "weed out" the people that were not able to digest lactose?

    Lactose persistence is a genetic mutation in humans that allows them to drink milk without any side-effects. All young mammals have a chemical called lactase, which is an enzyme that breaks apart lactose, which is found in milk, into glucose and galactose. However, as they grow older, the enzyme is turned off. However, a human mutation had allowed lactose persistence is areas where dairy was a major food source. For example, in both Finland and Africa, a change in the genetic code was discovered. This mutation was as simple as the change from a 'C' to a 'T'. In both regions, dairy was an important food product since if crops could not grow, then milk was the only source of nutrition for them. This is what caused lactose persistence to occur in humans of these areas. Milk is health because it contains high amounts of calcium and proteins, which help the body grow and develop. This is why young mammals are given milk since it will help them develop in their childhood.

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  31. Throughout the video, I learned that milk is a key food for humans that remains uncontaminated and super healthy for the body. Lactose persistence is caused when your body does not produce lactase for the lactose to pass the intestinal wall of the blood stream. As mammals get older, they stop consuming milk so the body stops producing lactase and they lose their ability to digest milk. The enzyme that helps break down lactose into galactose is lactase. Not everybody has lactase, even at a young age. Most africans’ source of nutrition came from their cows therefore their bodies needed to be lactose persistent to be able to consume one of their only sources of protein. The difference between the people who are lactase persistent and the people who aren't comes from the DNA specifically located in chromosome 2. There is no doubt that milk is good for you. Milk is a major source of nutrition and protein that the body needs to maintain proper levels of calcium and phosphorous thereby helping build strong bones and teeth. I personally like to drink milk. My family loves milk as well. My mom was born in mexico and they too are lactose persistent. My dad was born here and his family is lactose persistent as well.

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  32. Only about a third of adults can digest lactose, and these people are called "lactase persistent." The reason they are called this is because their ability to produce the enzyme that breaks down lactose persists after childhood. If your are lactase persistent or not really depends on your family's background. The difference between people who are lactase persistent and not lactase persistent is a T and C in one non coding position. Both mutations in the Finnish and African people were different but they had both arisen independently so they provided adults with the ability to digest milk. Milk is good for you because it is high in protein and it helps your bones develop and grow. Personally, I think milk is okay. I don’t like drinking it on its own very much but I think it tastes good in cereal or in ice cream and other dairy products. Most people in my family like milk, and most of my ancestors come from Poland.

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  33. The ability of mammals to produce milk as well as drink milk as babies is what sets apart mammals from all other animals in the world. However, after a newborn animal grows into an adult, they stop producing and enzyme called lactase. Lactase is an enzyme that has the ability to break down the main sugar of milk, lactose, which has a difficult passing through cell walls into the blood stream, into glucose and galactose, two simple sugars that are able to enter the blood stream and be used by the body as energy. Strangely, while most adult mammals cannot digest milk properly since they become lactose intolerant, about 1/3 of the human population are able to digest milk as adults, being lactose persistent. This mutation is caused by the tiniest difference in genetics, a simple 't' rather than a 'c' in a non-coding position. But the mutation causing lactose persistence can be different from person to person, as was discovered by researchers between African adults and Finnish adults, found that two completely separate mutations providing the adults with lactose persistence. The reason for this puzzling mutation was discovered to have been the result of early European and African people having cultures that centered around animals such as cows, and as such, they drink a lot of milk. Because of the milk, lactose persistence mutations in ancient populations started appearing with more frequency, because they provided an advantage to a culture that drank a lot of milk. I personally really enjoy milk, I don't drink as often as I used to, but I still like it. Milk is rich with highly quality proteins and fat, so it already provides two of essential organic compounds, proteins and lipids. Milk is also, compared to water, a very uncontaminated fluid, so when you drink, you run less of a risk of getting exposed to harmful bacteria or parasites. All-in-all, milk is probably one of the best and most important food-stuffs in the history of mankind.

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  34. My family also does like milk, and we hail from Greece, Ireland, and England.

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  35. Lactose intolerance is caused by stopping the produce of lactase in your body which then means you cant break apart the sugars in dairy which gives you digestion problems. Normally as we get older we have a harder time digesting lactose. The enzyme that helps break lactose into glucose and galactose is lactase. What caused the different mutations was how much milk was in the people's diets and how they used it. They figured this mutation by studying the DNA and comparing it to someone that is not lactose persistent. Milk is good for you because it has protein and calcium and vitamin D. I do not like milk. No one in my family drinks milk except when it is in cereal. My ancestors are mostly from Cuba, Spain and Germany.

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  36. The video goes in-depth on the cause and effects of lactose and humans' relation with it over hundreds of thousands of years. It explains why some are lactose persistent and some aren't. The reason lactose persistence occurs is interestingly dependent on where you live. In Europe's case, it's a mutation in chromosome 2, but is different for Africa & Asia. Naturally, one's lactose persistence diminishes with age, but for some, this doesn't occur. For those who can process lactose, an enzyme (lactase) continues to break down lactose into glucose and galactose. I personally love milk, but I can see why people wouldn't. It's got a strange consistency to it. Most of my family is lactose intolerant, but luckily I'm not.

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  37. Lactose persistence is the ability to produce the enzyme lactase, the enzyme that breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose,throughout adulthood. Normally mammals stop drinking milk when they are weaned but humans have developed it into a staple of most of our diets. I think it's really interesting how the number of lactose persistent people can depend on the area they live in. People in Finland and Africa started the lactose persistence trend after they upped their cattle use and there is pottery found from ancient civilizations that have milk fats in it. I personally don't have a problem drinking milk and I think it tastes good. It has a lot of protein and calcium and is very good for your health, and can be made into things like cheese and ice cream.

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  38. I don't know about others, but I think milk is great. And I found the video very interesting. Although I was looking for a little more. For example, I never got to see what percentage of the America's was lactose intolerant. And I really wanted to see this. And this made me a little skeptical of some of the world averages they gave because I couldn't really tell if the whole world was even studied. But it was very interesting how they were able to find 2 different "mutations" for lactose intolerant. And I would have been interested to know what the map looked like for America and if another mutation was where I lived, or if it was the same as the European or African mutation. I also wondered if people could keep the ability to digest milk if they just never stopped drinking milk. Would they just keep producing lactase even without the certain strand of DNA.

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  39. According to the video, Lactose persistence is when adults are able to digest milk after their childhood. Usually in adulthood milk is not digested and just passes through the intestines and causes cramps, diarrhea, & gas. The enzyme that breaks apart milk is lactase. The different mutations came about due to the use and valuing of cows in their communities that allowed adults to consume milk. Milk is good for you because it has calcium and lets you grow as children. In order to "weed out" people not able to consume lactose researchers look at people's DNA for different variants such as a C instead of a T. Personally I hate plain milk and will not drink it, but with other things like cereal or chocolate mix I love milk products. My mom and brother has the similar views but my sister and dad drink milk and other products though my dad is more lactose intolerant than everyone.

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  40. I like milk but no one else in my family does.Lactose persistence is caused by a DNA mutation in chromosome 2 where there is a T instead of a C in the code. Milk is good for you because it gives you calcium which is in your bones. When we are kids we have the enzyme lactase an enzyme necessary for the break down of lactose but once we get older we start to lose that enzyme. My dads side of the family is mostly from Ireland. The trait to digest milk in our adulthood in Finland and African is because the way they use there cows.

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  41. Personally I do not like milk. I was surprised when the video said that all adult mammals can have milk other then humans. When we get older our production in lactose decreases and that's called lactose persistence. Only about 1/3 of adults can still drink milk which is surprising because as a baby almost everyone can digest milk.Milk is very important though because it contains traits that give you energy. It has benefits like reduces being exposed to parasites and it also gives you more energy.

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  42. Lactose persistence is when the enzyme lactase is continued to be produced in adulthood and breaks lactose down in glucose and galactose. Generally you become lactose intolerant when you get older. A mutation in the Finnish people is that there is a T instead of a C in there DNA and in the African people there is a G instead of a C. Milk is good for you because it is protein rich. Famine is the factor that helped "weed out" the people that were not able to digest lactose.

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  43. Lactose persistence is when the ability to produce the enzyme that breaks down lactose continues beyond childhood. The enzyme that breaks down lactose into glucose and lactose. The different mutations caused in Finnish and African cultures were caused by the different amount of consummations of milk. In my culture, diary is a big factor in many foods. Sadly, I am lactose sensitive so I have to take precaution when consuming diary products. Though, when I was younger and able to consume milk, my parents would put sugar in it in order for me to tolerate it. The rest of family can all consume milk normally.

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    1. It must stink a lot being lactose sensitive, because I don't have to be cautious when consuming dairy products. I LOVE dairy products and going a day without them would be so hard for me.

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  44. Lactase persistence is the continued activity of the lactase enzyme in adulthood. As we get older our ability to intake milk is not digested properly. This will cause diarrhea, and other terrible symptoms of lactose intolerant people. The enzyme that helps break apart lactose and glucose and galactose is lactate. The use and value with cows caused different intakes of milk, causing different mutations in the Finnish and the African people. This mutation was a simple change from a 'C' to a 'T'. Milk is good for you because it gives you calcium which will make your bones stronger. It also is an important food product since if crops can't grow, then milk is the only source of nutrition for them. Even with us mammals, we need milk for development and growth which is why the milk from our mothers was so important. So we could grow. This is what caused lactose persistence to occur among humans of these areas. It could have also helped weed out people who didn’t have it where if you crops failed you really only had your milk left and if you got sick you could potentially die. I love milk. I drink probably 1 or 2 glasses a day. My family also likes milk as well. Our ancestors are from Germany, Ireland and Poland.

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  45. Lactase persistence is the ability to produce the enzyme that breaks down lactose through childhood and that continues through adulthood. The enzyme that breaks down lactose is lactase, it breaks down the lactose into glucose and galactose. As you get older, normally you will get less tolerant to lactose. I myself do love milk, I drink it every day. Milk is good for you because it has calcium and vitamins in it, and the calcium helps makes your bones stronger. I know that some of my family likes milk, but some of my family doesn't. It's about half and half, like the class. My fathers side of the family is from Poland, and older ancestors from that side of the family are also from Poland. I do not know anything about the ancestors or any origins from my mothers side of the family.

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