Sunday, March 6, 2016

Lovely Centrosomes




http://www.genengnews.com/gen-news-highlights/centrosome-breakdown-halts-regeneration-of-heart-cells/81251599/

Last week after several days of notes, we made our way through the cell cycle.  During my lecture I talked about both centrioles and centrosomes.  For this week's blog post I would like you to read the article above about centrosomes.

In a scholarly paragraph, describe what you learned.  I know you learned this back in third grade, but just a quick refresher.  When writing a paragraph, start with an introductory sentence.  Then follow that up with three to four sentences with supporting details (I want real details that you read in the article.)  Finally, end your paragraph with a sentence that wraps it all up.  Can you provide an extra links to follow up this research?  Does the centrosome play a role in cancer?

78 comments:

  1. This week’s article poses an interesting comparison between cardiac cell division in mammals versus species like zebrafish or amphibians. Scientists found that unlike mammals, whose cardiac cells stop dividing once they hit maturity, the zebrafish and amphibians’ cells kept up division into adulthood. What differs between the creatures is their centrosomes’ connectivity. Mammals’ cardiac centrosomes break apart with age while other types of organisms’ centrosomes stay together in a way that allows their cells to keep dividing. If scientists could manipulate mammals’ centrosomes to behave as zebrafish, it could immensely impact organisms’ well beings and health. Regeneration that comes with cell division would mean a better chance of stunting cancer growth and even allow for patients with heart issues to heal at a better rate. The benefits are endless.
    Here’s a link to another article about research on mammals’ centrosomes:
    https://www.fau.eu/2015/08/06/news/research/why-the-human-heart-cannot-regenerate/

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    1. I agree that centrosomes impact the well-being and health of organisms and that's exactly why it should be studied more in depth.

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    2. I think it would be so cool if they could actually do this. It would definitely be life changing for many many people.

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  2. Mammal’s cardiac muscle cells stop reproducing due to no intact centrosomes. If we could fix the integrity of these centrosomes, cardiac muscle cells could be reawakened. The reason for this instability is because cardiac muscle cells in mammalian undergoes a process of disassembly which is completed shortly after birth. However, many other species like zebrafish and newt maintain stability. Seeing the ability of the amphibians, then what would scientists do for mammals?

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    1. It would be really cool if scientists could manipulate cardiac cells in mammals to allow for the heart to heal after trauma.

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    2. Fixing the integrity of heart centrosomes would be great, and lead to a huge step in heart health, but how could the information on centrosomes be used in other parts of the body? Might it be a way to regenerate spinal and nerve cells as well as stop cancer?

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  3. Research of scientists at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg has uncovered new information that the breakdown of centrosomes can stop the regeneration of heart cells. These scientists studied the centrosome integrity and suggested that the ability of centrosomes to regenerate can be restarted and made better. While centrosomes are important in maintaining chromosome health, medical treatments, and recoveries from things like heart attacks, it is key to understand their process and capabilities. Scientists also discovered that centrosomes undergo a process shortly after birth in which they disassemble. All of this new information provides future possibilities to figure out why the human heart cannot regenerate and how muscle cells can be used to help in these cases.
    https://www.fau.eu/2015/08/06/news/research/why-the-human-heart-cannot-regenerate/

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    1. I wonder how scientists would manipulate the centrosomes to make them better, it seems like a very hard and lengthy task to take on, but could help people tremendously with heart problems and diseases.

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    2. I think that it would be cool if scientist were able to figure out how to make our cells not disassemble after birth, then many lives would be saved

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  4. This article describes the key difference between mammals and amphibians in the cardiac cells, mammals’ cardiac cells stop dividing while amphibians like the zebrafish keep dividing. While mammals’ cardiac cells stop dividing when the organisms hits maturity, amphibians cells divide into adulthood. Scientists believe the reason for this is due to the difference in centrosomes. Centrosomes in mammals disassembles where in amphibians it stays intact. If we can somehow find a way to keep the centrosomes intact as we enter adulthood we would solve so many health problems due to the heart. We could also use this as a new form of medical treatment. By understanding the reproduction we could be able to stunt and possibly stop the reproduction of cancer cells. Centrosomes play a huge role in our health, research, and treatments, and therefore should be studied more so we can understand them and use it to our advantage.

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    1. It would be very beneficial if we could find a way to keep the centrosomes intact while entering adulthood because this could lead to many cures and answers for specific health problems.

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    2. I agree that centrosomes should be studied, the discovery between mammal's and amphibians' centrosomes must be beneficial.

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  5. In the article it talked about how you could change chromosomes so you can find out new ways to cure many different health defects and aid in medical treatments. In the article it says “If chromosome integrity in humans could be manipulated, these scientists suggest, the regenerative capacities of cardiac cells could be reawakened, enabling new medical treatments.” This would be awesome because it would be another possibility to end life threatening things like cancer. If they can change the production of the centrosomes they could figure out how to use the extra to help. The benefits of this is a lot. They could be used for so many things. This link helps show how centrosomes could help cure cancer.

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    1. I agree. I believe that with all the knowledge they have on this already, they will be able to find a solution to this problem and help prevent diseases like cancer.

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    2. I was worried that the centrosomes copying themselves would cause cancer because when cells copy too much, it causes cancer. After ready this article, it suprised me that things like this could actually cure cancer.

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    3. I agree with you. With all the knowledge we have collected on this, they could find a solution and prevent dangerous disease.

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  6. Cardiac muscle cells in humans stop reproducing after birth, but a recent study found that cardiac muscle cells in zebrafish and amphibians still replicate later after birth. Since their centrosomes don’t contain contact, their cells can reproduce longer than ours can. “For the first time, we have discovered a significant difference between the cardiac muscle cells of mammals and those of zebrafish and amphibians that presents a possible explanation as to why the human heart cannot regenerate” stated by Dr. Zebrowski discussing how influential this new study was on the replication of specific body cells. Researchers found it’s nearly impossible to have centrosomes reproduce without the risk of cancer cells spreading throughout since the multiplication rate is extremely high.

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    1. I think this is very interesting and would be very beneficial if scientists continue to develop and pursue this topic to be usable for people!

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    2. Wow that is very interesting that scientist couldn't find any that could reproduce without the risk of cancer spreading!

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  7. Unlike humans and other mammals, zebrafish and amphibian's cardiac muscle cells don't stop replicating after birth because they have intact centrosomes. Centrosome integrity is regulated carefully by scientists. If chromosome integrity in humans could be manipulated, the regenerating capacities of cardiac cells could be reawakened, leading to a myriad of medical treatments. Scientists also say it might be possible to impair the centrosomes integrity of reproducing cells to prevent cancers cells from spreading. Many scientists were surprised to discover that the centrosome in the cardiac muscle cells of zebrafish and amphibians remain intact into adulthood. There have been many significant discoveries about the difference in relationship between humans cardiac cells compared to zebrafish and amphibian's cardiac cells.

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  8. The article “Centrosome Breakdown Halts Regeneration of Heart Cells” explains how the heart cells of a human undergo a process of disassembly where the centrosomes of the cell break down, disabling replication. If we could study this process more, we could see significant jumps in science, like faster recoveries from heart attacks and a possible way to solve cancer. Curing cancer would be possible if we could “impair the centrosome integrity of wildly reproducing cells—cancer cells—to prevent them from spreading” using the way the centrosomes are impaired in heart cells as a guide. Also, preventing this disassembly in other cells, like the heart, can speed up recovery and possibly allow the heart to begin regeneration again. One method in which we could attempt to begin this regeneration investigation is by studying zebrafish and salamanders, whose hearts don’t stop regeneration, and use knowledge from these animals and apply it to our problems, as said in the article. We could see what the heart cell regeneration does for the animals, and how that helps them, and try to mimic the same process to help us. The centrosome is not directly involved in cancer as far as we know, but the process in which it breaks down and disables replication can be used to stop cancer cells. Studying centrosomes in the heart and other areas of our bodies could prove to be very useful, and lead to many advancements in science and medicine, including possibly solving the leading cause of death in the U.S., heart disease.
    Links for further research:
    Original article published by scientists: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4541494/
    Other sources: https://www.fau.eu/2015/08/06/news/research/why-the-human-heart-cannot-regenerate/
    https://www.fightaging.org/archives/2015/08/centrosome-loss-and-lack-of-heart-regeneration-in-mammals.php

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    1. I completely agree with you and I like the links you have.

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    2. This is a nice article. I love your opinions and factual evidence.

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    3. I think the idea of having these cells used to fight cancer is a good idea and hopefully will be employed in the future after more research.

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  9. In the article I read, it talked about how the cardiac cells in zebra fish and amphibians can regenerate heart cells due to the fact that there centrosomes stay in tact. I thought this was interesting because I never any animals had the ability to regenerate cells for important organs like that. But I also wonder, if it works with their heart, can it work with there brain too? And if it does, will scientists be able to find a way to have humans be able to reproduce important organ cells for the brain and heart?

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    1. I agree, I wonder if this will finally give us the key to growing vital organs.

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  10. This article talks about the differences between amphibians and mammals with their cardiac cells. In humans and other mammals, our cardiac muscle cells stop replicating as soon as we are born. But zebrafish and amphibians cardiac muscles keep replicating. The reason this difference exists between us and them is because of centrosomes. Centrosomes in mammals dismantle while amphibians stay intact. The article says, “If chromosome integrity in humans could be manipulated, these scientists suggest, the regenerative capacities of cardiac cells could be reawakened, enabling new medical treatments”. With all of the research they already have on this subject, I wouldn’t be surprised if they could find a way to keep our centrosomes intact as we grow up. It would be a great possibility to end many sicknesses like cancer. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4113111/

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    1. I agree that it would be very beneficial to find a way to keep our centrosomes intact as we enter adulthood, based on the knowledge that researchers and scientists already have on this subject.

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    2. that would be cool if we could possibly cure cancer with the knowledge scientists have on centrosomes! we could also learn so much more.

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    3. I think it would be really interesting if we could cure cancer with centrosomes. If we could keep them intact, that would solve so many problems.

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  11. I can’t believe how amazing this is. We could have found the cure to cancer and it’s not the future. The article talks about the differences between mammals and amphibians cardiac cells. Its says that after studying them we figured out they keep Centrosome when we don’t. From this they think they know how to stop cancer and other problems. In the end I hope we learn more soon and stop something that has be plaguing this land since 1600 B.C.

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  12. This article describes the key difference between mammals and amphibians.our cardiac muscles cells stop replicating as soon as we are born. but amphibians always grow. this is because we have different centrosomes. scientist say they could maybe make our centrosomes intact as we grow. this is a really cool thing that they could do that.

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    1. What a responce. I agree with your points...I wonder how cardiac muscles could lead to the spread of cancer.

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    2. I agree, it is a cool thing that they could do that.

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  13. While not exactly the cure for cancer, centrosome manipulation could potentially help patients with degenerative hearts or damaged hearts. The basis of the reasearch is the knowledge that both Salamanders (Order Urodela) and Zebrafish (Danio rerio) have intact cardiac centrosomes even after reaching full size, allowing their hearts to heal and regenerate. Unfortunetly it would seem like this ability is missing in mammals so we naturally can't regenerate cardiac cells. However by editing the centrosomes to repair them, scientists expect similar results in humans. Now I don't know the entire testing list but it seems that currently the list only comprises of exothermic organisms. Perhaps the intense inner heat of our bodies wears down centrosomes.

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  14. In this article it explains the difference between our hearts and amphibians, which is our hearts stop replicating after birth because centrosomes break down into two centrioles but in amphibians they do not. This was discovered by scientist at university of Erlangen. They go on to explain that this is because of our chromosomes integrity. If we could fix these chromosomes than we could recover from heart attacks or a new way to fight cancer. Even though we can't fix the chromosomes now we could be able to find ways to do so in the future.
    http://www.cell.com/cell/abstract/S0092-8674(09)01362-2?_returnURL=http%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0092867409013622%3Fshowall%3Dtrue&cc=y=

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    1. I agree that behind this research there could be big medical breakthroughs,all we need to do is find them.

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  15. In the article “Centrosome Breakdown Halts Regeneration of Heart Cells”, it talks mainly about how our lack of intact centrosomes( which zebrafish and amphibians have) is responsible of causing our cardiac muscle cells to stop. The reason why we loss them after birth while zebrafish and amphibians don’t is because it undergoes in a process of disassembly. Many scientist went to investigate the occurrence. Based on the scientists’ research in the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, if centrosome integrity is able to be manipulated,it will result in the reawakening of the cardiac cells which can lead to finding treatments. So it may be possible to avoid the spread of cancer cells. This is rather good news as our health can be improved for the better.

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  16. The article explains the differences between the mammal's and amphibian's centrosomes. Amphibian's centrosomes are constantly growing as they grow, while mammal's centrosomes stop growing almost as soon as we're born. This happens because the centrosomes in our bodies aren't the same centrosomes! Scientists say that our centrosomes could be modified to remain intact and grow like the amphibian's, but I don't think I'd like that. If we weren't meant to have those centrosomes, then so be it. I'd rather be more of a mammal than an amphibian any day.

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    1. I agree that we should keep the centrosomes given to us.

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  17. In the article, “Centrosome Breakdown Halts Regeneration of Heart Cells” they compares cardiac division in mammals to cardiac division in other amphibians like zebrafish. In the centrosome of mammalian cardiac muscle cells undergoes a process of disassemble which is completed shortly after birth. In this process some proteins leave the centrosome and relocate to the membrane of the cell nucleus in which the DNA is stored. This process causes the centrosome to break down into the two centrioles of which it is composed, and this causes the cell to lose its ability to reproduce. Unlike in amphibians like zebrafish they said they were incredibly surprised to discover that the centrosome in the cardiac muscle cells of zebrafish and amphibians remains intact into adulthood. This discovery that there is a natural process that regulates centrosome integrity in the cardiac muscle cells of mammals opens up a range of possibilities for future research. This discovery could help us change so much in the future and have endless possibilities to help people.
    Website:
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC52173/

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  18. Scientists at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg discovered that there is a natural process that regulates centrosome integrity in the cardiac muscle cells of mammals that can open up a range of possibilities for future research. They compared cardiomyocytes of adult zebrafish with those of mammals. Zebrafish maintain centrosome integrity, and never lose the ability to proliferate unlike mammalian cardiomyocytes. The scientists say that if chromosome integrity in humans could be manipulated, the regenerative capacities of cardiac cells could reawakened! This could ultimately lead to new medical discoveries and advancements for different treatments such as quickening recovery from heart attacks and preventing cancer cells from spreading. As cancer is becoming a more prominent sickness in today’s day and age, it will be amazing if scientists can crack the code to manipulating chromosome integrity in humans.
    https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Antonino_DAssoro/publication/11175374_Centrosome_amplification_and_the_development_of_cancer/links/5501ce670cf231de076c2e71.pdf

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  19. After reading this article, I learned about the differences between amphibians and mammals in regards to cardiac muscle cells. In mammals, cardiac cells stop replenishing soon after birth whereas cardiac muscle cells continue to replicate in amphibians. This difference can be blamed on centrosomes because the centrosomes in mammals disassemble while the centrosomes in amphibians do not. If “chromosome integrity” in mammals can be easily manipulated, the cardiac muscle cells could replenish, allowing for new opportunities in the medical field such as cures to diseases. Based upon the amount of research on the topic, it would truly be amazing if scientists were able to develop a cure to cancer.
    https://www.fau.eu/2015/08/06/news/research/why-the-human-heart-cannot-regenerate/

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  20. This article talks about the differences between amphibians and mammals and their heart cells. In mammals like humans heart muscle cells stop copying as soon as we are born.Other amphibians such as the zebra fish heart muscle cells never stop copying no matter what.This is because of different procedures in the centrosomes. Centrosomes in mammals come apart but in amphibians stay together.If chromosomes in mammals like humans could be changed the heart muscles cells could be capable of regenerating like the ones in amphibians and zebra.21st century has been a time of advancements hence I am sure that scientists will figure out how to harness this ability in human heart cells.http://arstechnica.com/science/2012/12/researchers-get-cardiac-muscle-cells-to-grow-repair-heart-attack-damage/

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  21. The University of Erlangen-Nuremberg scientists led by David Zebroski and Felix B. Engel have conducted experiments and have come to a conclusion that centrosomes can stop heart cells from reproducing. The scientists from the University studied the chromosome integrity, and that forcefully making the cells regenerate can make the cell improved. Centrosomes are great for a lot of things in the body, but however, it is important to consider that conducting a chromosome can cause the spread of cancer rather than getting rid of it. Collectively, this research can be used to figure out why the heart cells cannot regenerate. Here is the link that is relevant to the topic: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/08/150806121811.htm

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  22. This article is about the differences in the cardiac cells of amphibians and mammals. The cardiac cells in mammals stop replicating soon after birth, while amphibians have cells that keep regenerating. This is because of the centrosomes in those cells. In mammals, the centrosomes disassemble, although in amphibians the centrosomes stay. If centrosome integrity could be manipulated, in theory, cardiac muscles could replenish, which would help millions of people. I think centrosomes could possibly have a role in cancer, and if we could manipulate the centrosomes in cancer cells, we could possibly keep them from spreading. Centrosomes are an important part of our cells that we need to further research.

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  23. There are many differences and similarities between amphibians and mammals heart cells. After reading this article, I learned that scientists at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg found that there is a regulation of centrosomes integrity in the cardiac muscle cells of mammals. This can therefore open a whole other door to new research. The goal is to get chromosome integrity to be faster and more efficient, so that cardiac muscles reproduce faster for more research.
    https://www.fightaging.org/archives/2015/08/centrosome-loss-and-lack-of-heart-regeneration-in-mammals.php

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  24. This article speaks out about the difference between mammal and amphibian centrosomes. Amphibians centrosomes are constantly growing, where as ours stop after birth.

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  25. The article talked about how amphibians have in tact centrosomes.If we could find a way to do this the human body the possibilities are endless.As a of this result you can find out new ways to cure many different health problems and it can also help to create new medical treatments.Who knows what can happen,but it would help humans in a big way.

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  26. In the article I read, the author described how centrosome manipulation could help someone that had a heart attack recover. Since after a heart attack, some of the cells in your heart die, scientist could now have cells that copy themselves to replace the ones that died off. The research for this came from studies on how amphibians such as the zebra fish and how their heart muscles don't stop copying because of the different procedures in their centrosomes. If humans were able to copy their muscles in the heart, than problems like heart attacks would be less of a risk of dying because the tissue would repair itself.

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    1. It is really interesting how we can learn so much about the potential of the cells of mammals from other classifications like amphibians.

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  27. There is now a possibility that by using centrosome integrity we could fix some deadly problems. Scientist have found that centrosome integrity could help those who have had heart attacks and could also fix cancer cells. They learned about centrosome integrity through looking at zebra-fish's and amphibian's cardiac muscle cells. The difference between them and mammals is that there cardiac muscles continue to replicate through out their lives, while ours don't. Thanks to centrosome integrity someday scientist may be able to change the futures of many people.

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  28. This article was very interesting because it told about how there might be a natural way that causes our cells to stop dividing. Biologists discovered how amphibian cnetrosomes stay together, but humans do not. This is important because amphibians are able to regenerate certain body parts if lost. This means that if scientists were able to find a way to control our cnetrosomes, we would theoretically be able to regenerate parts of our body that enter the G0 stage. Like nervous system cells, brain cells, cardiac muscles, and other cells that will eventually reach G0. I think that this is an amazing idea and should be researched in the future.

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    1. I agree and I liked how you brought up that it contributes to lizards recovering body parts.

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  29. The article “Centrosome Breakdown Halts Regeneration of Heart Cells” explains how the heart cells go through a process where the centrosomes of the cell break down. If we could study this more, we could see great jumps iin science. This includes stuff like faster recoveries from heart attacks and a possible way to solve cancer. Curing cancer would be possible if we could “impair the centrosome integrity of wildly reproducing cells—cancer cells—to prevent them from spreading”. We would use the centrosomes as a guide. Also, preventing this in other cells, like the heart, can speed up recovery and allow the heart to begin healing again. One thing we could attempt to begin this healing is by studying zebrafish and salamanders, whose hearts don’t stop healing. We could then use knowledge from these animals and apply it to our situations, as said in the article. We could see what the heart cell healing for the animals. Then we can mimic the process for us. The centrosome is not involved in cancer as far as we know, but the process in which it breaks down can be used to stop cancer cells. Studying centrosomes in the heart and other areas of our bodies could help us a lot.

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  30. Centrosomes are very important in our body and in new research. If chromosome integrity in humans could be manipulated than heart attacks may become easier to overcome. Also, it could stop cancer cells from spreading. Finally, “centrosome integrity can be examined in order to find adult cardiac muscle cells that may have retained their ability to reproduce.” To sum everything up, centrosome integrity could lead to great things in the future.

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    1. I agree and think that if scientists can keep the centrioles intact, it would be very beneficial.

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  31. The article explains that amphibians' heart cells regenerate because their centrosomes function for their entire life, whereas human cardiac muscles stop multiplying soon after birth. The factor that makes the difference is connectivity. Many mammals' centrosomes break apart and, therefore, stop functioning. Amphibians do not do this so their hearts continue to regenerate. I think that this research could be useful in regrowth surgeries with possible stem cell transplants from fish after further research.

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  32. I feel that this research into centrosomes and curing cancer could be very beneficial to the human race. One thing that I feel could be most beneficial is the research they are doing to stop cancer from spreading by impairing the centrosomes integrity. They are also researching ways to help repair damaged cell that don't regenerate for example heart cells damage after a heart attack. Again I think this would be soo cool and be awesome to help people that have cancer of damaged cells.

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  33. In humans and other mammals their cardiac muscles stop replicating. The reason for this is because centrosomes go through a process of disassembly, which is completed shortly after birth resulting in cardiac muscles not replicating. Scientist from the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg say that if we can manipulate the chromosomes integrity, and cardiac cells could be reawaken. With this research we could start new medical treatments, and possibly stop wildly reproducing cells, like cancer cells, from spreading, preventing dangerous diseases. This could be great because with this ability we could prevent cancer and other harmful diseases,and who would want to do that?

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  34. This article talks about the difference between mammal and amphibian cardiac cells. With amphibians they make new cardiac cells throughout their life but we (mammals) stop once we’re born. This is because of centrosomes, when we're born the centrosomes breakup but with amphibians they stay in tact. So now some scientists think that if we can keep these centrosomes in tact is can help prevent some issues like heart attacks and even cancer. Overall the key to a longer healthier life may lie in centrosomes because of their ability to continuously reproduce cells.

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    1. It would be cool if animal cells made cardiac cells too.

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  35. This article talks about the difference between mammal and amphibian cardiac cells. Once mammals are born, they stop the production of cardiac cells, whereas, amphibians keep producing the cells. All of this is important because of Centrosomes. Unfortunately for us, our centrosomes break apart at birth while amphibian's centrosomes remain intact. Scientists are trying to find a way to harvest the ability of these centrosomes.

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  36. This article was mainly about cardiac cells. Mammals lose their cardiac cells so they cannot regenerate limbs like amphibians. If scientists could figure out how humans could get these or use these we could save many lives and help recover injuries. If scientists learn more about these this could be a huge breakthrough.

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    1. I agree it would be cool if you could cut off your arm and then grow a new one easily.

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  37. This weeks blog post is all about the difference between mammal and amphibian cardiac cells. For amphibians,they can constantly make new cardiac cells for their entire life, which could explain why lizards can regrow their tail so quickly. Meanwhile, mammals hit a point at birth when they can no longer regenerate cardiac cells. Because of this, humans have a hard time recovering heart cells. The centrosomes breakup for mammals, but for amphibians, they stay together. Scientists theorize that if we can find a way to prevent this seperation, it could stop cancer and heart attacks. So all in all, if we want a healthier life, then it is a priority to find out more about centrosomes and utilize their ability to reproduce cells.

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  38. From reading this article, I learned how the cardiac cells in amphibians and zebra fish are different from those in mammals. The difference is that centrosomes of mammals break down shortly after birth into two centrioles while the centrosomes in amphibians and zebra fish remain in tact, allowing for the cardiac cells to regenerate. With this discovery, scientists are looking for ways to implement this on the cells of mammals, and more specifically humans. The centrosomes remaining in tact would allow for new forms of medical treatment that could be applied to healing the hearts of those who have had heart-attacks and possibly stop the regrowth of cancerous cells.

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  39. The article compares the centromeres in amphibians such as zebra-fish and mammals. Amphibians' heart cells regenerate because their centrosomes function for their entire life, whereas human cardiac muscles stop multiplying soon after. With centromeres, heart attacks may become easier to overcome. Also, it could stop cancer cells from spreading. birth. Centrosomes are an important part of our cells that we need to further research.

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    1. I completely agree that we need to go into further research on centrosomes. I just have one quick question and I don't mean to be rude. What do centromeres have to do with heart attacks? If I missed something (which is completely possible) please let me know.

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  40. In this article it talks about why cardiac muscle cells stop replicating. would you guess that the reason they stop replicating is because the integrity of the cells centrosomes is not intact. In fact scientists studied the centrosomes of zebrafish and amphibians ant their centrosomes were intact. Scientists say that having intact centrosomes could help the recovery of heart attack patients and might slow the proliferation of cancer cells.

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  41. I believe scientists should start to study more about centrosomes because they seem to be a vital part in the lives of organisms. If we could find a way to use them even more to our benefit then maybe one day, we could figure out how to recover from heart attacks and for other things as well.

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  42. In the article it talks about why cardiac muscles stop replicating. The reason they stop replicating is because the integrity of the cells centrosomes is no intact. The discovery that there is a natural process that regulates centrosome integrity in the cardiac muscle cells of mammals opens up a range of possibilities for future research. Scientists are saying that having intact centrosomes could actually help the recovery of heart attacks and could slow down the proliferation of cancer cells.

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  43. This article is about the discovery of the fact that there is a natural process that regulates centrosomes being intact in the cardiac muscle cells of animals. This information opens up the possibility of future research in more than one major medical issue of today. The first way is that we now have a new starting place for the attempt of regenerating the human heart cells. The disassembly process that happens in our cells takes place because some proteins cause the centrosome to relocate itself in the nuclear membrane of the cell’s nucleus. The relocation of the centrosomes causes the centrosome to break down into the two centrioles of which it is composed. Since the centrosomes are broken apart in a place where they can’t help the cell division process the cardiac cells cannot reproduce. Also this information can help us find a way to prevent the growth of cancer cells. This information was able to be obtained due to the test on the cardiac cells of zebrafish and amphibians. In which their cells still have intact well into their adult age which allows them to regenerate those cells.

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  44. This article is about the discovery of the fact that there is a natural process that regulates centrosomes being intact in the cardiac muscle cells of animals. This information opens up the possibility of future research in more than one major medical issue of today. The first way is that we now have a new starting place for the attempt of regenerating the human heart cells. The disassembly process that happens in our cells takes place because some proteins cause the centrosome to relocate itself in the nuclear membrane of the cell’s nucleus. The relocation of the centrosomes causes the centrosome to break down into the two centrioles of which it is composed. Since the centrosomes are broken apart in a place where they can’t help the cell division process the cardiac cells cannot reproduce. Also this information can help us find a way to prevent the growth of cancer cells. This information was able to be obtained due to the test on the cardiac cells of zebrafish and amphibians. In which their cells still have intact well into their adult age which allows them to regenerate those cells.

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  45. This article is about how there is a natural process to regulate centresomes in cardiac muscles. Opening up the doors to regenerative medicine this makes solving major medical issues much easier. Mammals loose these centresomes unlike amphibians who CAN regenerate limbs. If scientist could break through and find how to keep these in humans we could be sucsessful with regerative medicine and things that have never even been though of before.

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  46. I thought that it was neat that those biologists were able to find why heart cells didn't regenerate. If cancer cells split so fast that its uncontrolled, would it be a good Idea to take the centrosomes out of cancer cells and put them in non cancerous cells that dont divide? if heart cells dont divide because of bad centrosome, would you want to replace them or repair them? Could non dividing cells start dividing by repairing or replacing centrosomes?

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