Sunday, February 14, 2016

Chalk full of love

In honor of Valentine's day, I picked two separate articles for you to choose to respond to this week.



Read the above article about the history of conversation hearts.  In a scholarly paragraph with at least five sentences and proper punctuation, explain what you learned.  What is the history of the conversation heart?  What did you learn?  In your conclusion, suggest a couple of new messages that would be biology related.

OR

http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/photo-ark/pictures/monogamous-animals/#/photo-ark-monogamous-prairie-vole_94135_600x450.jpg

To continue with the spirit of Valentines Day, read the above article about animals that mate for life.  Which is your favorite?  Is it endangered?  What did you learn about that animal?  Are there any other animals that you know of that mate for life?  In a scholarly paragraph, write about one of these animals that mate for life.

98 comments:


  1. The Animal I chose to write about is the Bald Eagle. I found out that they are an endangered species. In the winter the birds separate, but come spring they reunite to breed. The reason I chose the bald eagle was because it was my Grandpas favorite animal. Many other animals mate for life, but one I previously knew about was the snowy owl. To find their mate, they would dance together in mid flight.

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    1. The snowy owl's mating is cool. I'm surprised though that the bald eagles leave each other, and only reunite to breed.

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    2. I thought that the Bald eagle used to be endangered, but not anymore. I chose the Black Vulture because they are scavengers.

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  2. Conversation heart candies were originated by a pharmacist who was looking for a faster way to make apothecary lozenges during the 19th century. By adding sugar and flavors to his mix, the pharmacist was able to create a candy he coined, NECCO Wafers. They were so popular that during WWII, the government requested them for soldiers’ snacks. It wasn’t until 1860 that the company figured out that they could print messages directly onto candy by using vegetable dye (until then they had simply been wrapping candies in paper with sayings on it). At the beginning of the 20th century, NECCO changed the shape of their candies to hearts, meaning that the messages on them had to become more concise. I thought it was interesting that the article said the messages have changed with the times in an effort to be “current.” There’s over 60 messages currently in circulation, which is pretty extreme when thinking about candy. But I guess when a candy becomes so popular, companies will go to great lengths to keep people interested in their product (I personally find the candy hearts kind of gross tasting). When thinking about integrating biology terms into candy heart messages, it seems kind of impossible. All of our terms in bio are so long and complex that it would take ages to come up with some sort of pun or saying. Even the word biology would be difficult to fit on such a tiny surface.

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    1. I read the same article as you and I tried coming up with words too to fit on the tiny hearts, but our words are giant I could only think of a few with some abbreviations.

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    2. I'm with you heart candies taste like chalk!

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    3. Yes I agree. I had a very difficult time with slimming down my phrase.

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    4. Wow...I like your points, but disagree with integrating biology terms on them. Good thing the hearts are only a small size.

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    5. Olivia,
      I agree that they taste gross. What if you just put bio on a heart? I would think that was cool!

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  3. I read the article “10 Amorous Animals That Mate For Life.” I was very surprised to learn about the many animals that mate with the same person for the majority of their lifetimes. According to the article, the prairie voles are considered to be “socially monogamous” but not genetically, which is very interesting as it shows that these animals have unique social patterns that vary based on the species. My favorite was the Macaroni Penguin which is said to get so happy when they see each other that they have their own little show called an “ecstatic display”. The only other animal that I know who mates for life would be a swan, as they have bonds that can last for many years. It is interesting to hear about these animal species that display unique behaviors and how their lives are actually similar to humans in certain ways.

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  4. I liked the Macaroni Penguin because when the mates see each other they get really excited. They cackle and swing their heads to show their love. These penguins are vulnerable right now. I did not know before looking at this website any animals that mate for life. I think it is cool that animals mate for life. They find someone they love, and they never leave them.

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    1. I didn't realize that penguins mated for life, it's cool that they can recognize each other too.

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  5. I read about the myriad of animals that mate for life, having unique and distinct ways to find their perfect mate. There are many animals that have varying mating patterns, differing from the animals around them. My favorite animal from the article was the "Macaroni Penguin" because they create an ecstatic display, showing their love and affection for one another. They show their love by cackling and swinging their heads from side to side, creating a large commotion in order to find the right mate. this article helped demonstrate how animals are very similar to humans in specific circumstances. Many other animals mate for life, including the Bald Eagle and the Prairie Vole, using unique mating calls to search for the right and perfect mate. It's so interesting how animals can relate to humans in specific and unlikely experiences.

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    1. I agree, it's so cute how the penguins show their love for one another. Its amazing how so many animals have one "soul" mate.

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    2. Penguins are pretty awesome. It's cool that they have the capability to stay with their mate for their lifetime. It shows they're more intelligent then we might think.

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  6. My favorite is the Seahorse. It doesn't say if it's endangered but I don't think so. I learnt that the females compete with each other to find a mate. I know that the bald eagle mates for life and that they are alone but then reunite later. I think it's cool that a tough looking animal mates for life.

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    1. It's cool how the two birds can find each other after being apart

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    2. Isai,
      Plus the male seahorse carries the babies...definitely a modern dad

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  7. I read the “10 amorous animals that mate for life” and was surprised of all the animals that do mate for life. My favorite was the macaroni penguin. I learned that when these penguins see each other they get excited. To show their love they cackle and swing their heads from side to side in what is known as an “ecstatic display.” The macaroni penguins are vulnerable endangered. Which means they are not endangered yet but could soon become endangered if growth rates increase and threats decrease. Also I learned there are many other animals that mate for life. For example gibbons, swans, black vultures, turtle doves, wolves, termites, barn owls and beavers. I think it is cool that some animals mate for life like humans.

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    1. I also agree that it's very unique how animals are similar to humans by mating for life, and it's very interesting how the macaroni penguins show their affection for one another.

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    2. It is unfortunate that the macaroni penguins are endangered, they are so cute!

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  8. I read the article and photo gallery about the animals who made for life. My personal favorite was the gray wolf, and their status is least concerned. I learned that who the wolf mates with determines their social status within the rest of the wolf pack, just like how a person could marry another who is wealthy, giving them a higher status. The wolves breed once a year, always with the same mate, which I found as interesting considering how structured it is, unlike many other animals. I don’t know of many other animals specifically that mate for life, but I do know that it is a pretty common trait with many common species, especially birds, who return to the same nest every year as well. In some ways, animals are much more romantic than many humans, so that makes animals and their behavior even more interesting, especially around Valentine’s Day.

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    1. This is very interesting. I never knew how loyal a gray wolf could be.

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    2. How interesting that a wolf will stay with a mate throughout it's life, put that relationship in front of a betterment of social class.

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  9. I read the second article about the animals that mate for life. My favorite out of the animals shown was the black necked swan. This animal is not endangered as of right now and is considered a “least concern”. I learned that when the mothers need food the father's will look after the babies so they mom can eat but only does this if the eggs are hatched. I also know that termites, black vultures, and barn owls will mate for life. I researched more about the black necked swan and found they can travel up to speeds of 50 mph and the only difference in appearance due to gender is size. Females are smaller than the males. These birds can fly much better than they can walk due to their short legs. Lastly, these swans have a soft musical whistling note that is repeated which is different from most swans who make loud calls.

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    1. I find it surprising that these black swans have so many natural abilities and I also find it interesting that the fathers will look after the babies, while the mother searches for food.

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  10. The New England Confectionery Company (NECCO) is the producer of the candy Sweethearts and is one the oldest candy companies in America. It started in 1847 when a pharmacist Oliver Chase became interested in finding a better way to make apothecary lozenges. (they treated sore throats and bad breath) They were very time consuming to make so he invented a hand-cranked, tabletop machine that did the same job as the handmade ones. Once the machine was working instead of doing pharmaceutical things he made confectionery Candy. The writing was added closer to the 20th century when NECCO produced small messages on their chatty wafers which were shaped in thumbnail-sized hearts. Some messages related to bio could be the two base pairs for the 1 out of 4 nitrogen bases. Adenine And Guanine. Thymine and Cytosine. They would work out because then you could “find your pair”.

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    1. Creative idea to suggest messages related to biology to be the nitrogen bases so that people can find their pair!

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    2. I really like your idea for what to put on the conversation hearts that biology related!

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    3. I agree. Nice job Kyra! Extra credit.

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  11. I read the second article about the animals that can mate for life. I was surprised that a seahorse, bald eagle, and gray wolves mate for life. Humans can mate for life, but it doesn’t end out that way for everybody. Penguins are definitely my favorite mammals that mate for life. Emperor penguins can live up to 20 years!! That blew my mind. Though they can't fly, it's hard to tell the difference between them and Michael Phelps. When they use their flippers, they can swim 15 miles per hour! After they turn 3, they start to grow a more sexually mature personality. During reproduction, the mothers go off and find food for her family, while the father keeps the chicks warm. Mothers usually bring back fish, such as; krill, squid and other assorted small fish.

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    1. I agree that penguins are the coolest.

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    2. I agree that penguins are very interesting because I think it's really cool that penguins live so long and they have many cool features that different animals don't hold.

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  12. I read the article about conversation hearts, and found it very interesting since they weren’t originally just made as medicine to cure sore throats and bad breath. In 1847, Oliver Chase found a way to add sugar to these medications and sell them as treats known as Necco Wafers. The candies were an instant hit during the Great Depression and WWII. IN the 1860s, Oliver’s brother Daniel was able to use vegetable dye to write little messages on the hearts, and they are now the sweets we know today. Personally, I don’t enjoy the taste of the treats, but enjoy the messages. It would be hard to write a Biology themed one on the hearts since they need explaining and would be too long, but if I had a giant Biology heart candy, it would probably say something like “You're so hot, you denature all the enzymes."

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    1. Annika,
      I love "You're so hot, you denature my enzymes." Classic. Definitely extra credit worthy!

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  13. I read the article about the history of candy hearts. I learned that candy hearts may be relatively new but the idea has been around along time. Candy with messages on them have been around since the 1820’s but not as we know them today they would have “fables, historical subjects, songs, enigmas and jeux de mots” (wordplay) on the wrappers. It wasn't until 1860 when “Daniel” found words can be stamped on the candy with vegetable dye. Some new message that are biology related are… we fit together like Cytosine and Guanine, or there are no mutations in you are just a few I came up with.

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    1. Erin.
      I love both of your suggestions. 2 points extra credit!

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  14. I read the first article which was about the conversation hearts. The conversation hearts where originally "apothecary lozenges" (as the article called it. They were eventually made into a candy which was done by adding sugar and flavoring. the NECCO wafers were actually carried around by soldiers during the civil war. A message that would be nice to be on the hearts but is too long "so can i get out of the friend zone"

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    1. Josh,
      I like the message, but I am not sure if I understand how it is biology related.

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  15. When I read the article “10 amorous animals that mate for life” I learned about certain animals that stay with their mate for life and their ways of pairing up. No animal species pair up the same way so it was interesting to find out.Out of all the ten animals, my favorite is the prairie vole. Although I found the seahorses’ relationship cute and interesting due to the fact that the male carries the babies, I think that the prairie vole is much more cuter. Fortunately, they are not endangered and are not like most rodent’s relationships since they form a much better bond with their mate. Together they build a nest, groom each other, and raise the young.What a nice scenario! However they are not really considered “genetically monogamous” but instead are “socially monogamous”. Either way I still find them enduring. There are also many more animals that are also considered monogamous apart from the 10 from the article such as French angelfish and wolves.

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  16. I read the second article on how some animals mate for life. It also showed whether or not the animal was endangered or not. For some reason I thought Bald Eagles were endangered, so I was pleasantly surprised that they were not in need of concern. I was also interested in the Sandhill crane. I knew about the animals because a group of them live by my house, so I was interested that they mated for life.

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    1. I thought bald eagles were endangered, and it turns out they were taken off of the list in 1995, since they were almost wiped out by DDT. I'm also happy they are back up to good numbers.

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    2. It's cool that you were able to relate the article to your life concerning the sandhill cranes. This behavior only exhibited in some animals is really interesting

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  17. My favorite was the penguins. I like penguins because they live in cold weather, which I like. Penguins are vulnerable. Penguins are cool because they can hear extremely well, even though they don't have ears. Penguins are white on there bellys, and black on there back so they have camouflage when they are swimming.

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    1. London,
      I love penguins too. The male penguin gives the female penguin a rock....hmmm I wonder if that is where we got it!

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  18. I read the article about the conversation hearts. I learned that These hearts have been around for a long time, ever since at least the 1820s! It began in the US as a more efficient way to produce apothecary lozenges by pharmacist Oliver Chase. In the mid 19th century, it treated everything from sore throats to bad breath. I think that’s kind of cool! IT went from the pharmacy to the confectionary and they soon became known as NECCO Wafers. It is said that they became a hit, and later got words printed on them with vegetable dye. As time passed, the were shaped into little hearts and they had the “modern” sayings on them. Today, there are about 60 different messages on the hearts. I honestly can't think of any biology themed messages that would fit on one of those tiny hearts. They're all too long!

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  19. I learned a lot about conversation hearts. These little chalk candies make up 40% of the valentine's day candy. Way back in 1847 is when the conversation hearts began. There are many saying on the hearts. Some of those sayings consist of BE TRUE, KISS ME, and MARRY ME. A suggestion for a saying that relates to biology could be “you have good genes”.

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    1. I like "you have good genes"
      Extra Credit :)

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    2. I really like your biology message very clever

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  20. I read the article about Conversation Hearts. Every year Americans buy about 8 billion of these candies almost all in the 6 six weeks before February 14th. Each of the hearts contain little messages such as Hug Me or Sweet Talk, that you could give to people for Valentines Day. These candies were produced from the company NECCO. Many years ago,a hugely popular candy called NECCO wafers were a hit with a lot of people. Many soldiers packed them in their bags during the Civil War. And later on, NECCO produced the candy hearts that a lot of us enjoy today. Shelby had an idea on what to print on a conversation heart thats biology related, Your as Sweet as Glucose.

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    1. Love "Sweet as Glucose"
      Extra Credit!

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    2. Original idea Brittany!!Wonder how you came up with it

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  21. I chose the article relating to the candy hearts in honor of the recent Valentine's day. It has been around for nearly two centuries and is still hooking people up in one of the most corny ways. The article debriefed basically discusses how a scientist had a difficult time with creating these candies by hand and began using machines and walked us through the evolution of the creation of these heart shaped candies. There are now nearly eight billion sold and have approximately sixty different messages that say the corniest and dumbest things possible. I kind of hate them just because I hate candy which is weird. If these candies had to be related to biology than I'd have them say "You're my DNA" basically saying "You're my everything."

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    1. I can't believe that you don't like candy. Extra Credit for You are my DNA

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  22. I read about how animals can mate for life. The seahorse, bald eagle, and gray wolves mate for life. I thought this was very interesting because humans can mate for life but it doesn't always happen that way, but, these animals are mates for their lives. The black necked swan and the penguins are my two favorite as of right now. The black necked swan is not endangered and the mothers have the fathers look after the babies ( they are already hatched ) so they can get food. Penguins are similar, the father watches after the babies while the mother gets the food. I thought that was very interesting.

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    1. Thats interesting I never knew these animals mated for life, and I also LOVE penguins!

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    2. I also find it very interesting that many fathers,mainly birds take care of their young.I wonder why this happens?

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  23. The New England Confectionery Company (NECCO) is the original candy heart maker that sells about eight million hearts. These hearts originally cured bad breath and sore throats. Originally, these candy hearts were made by hand, but because that took so long, Oliver Chase created a hand cranked machine that did the work a lot faster. The messages that are fun to read today came about in the 20th century when those candy hearts became a Valentine treat. Relating this to biology, the different color candy hearts could resemble the four nitrogen bases. For example, Adenine could be green, Thymine could be blue, Cytosine, pink; and Guanine, purple.

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  24. I picked the Prairie Vole. Though not endangered they do seem to very interesting in the love aspect. Since a Prairie Vole has a lifespan of 1-2 years they get a partner and breed with them as much as they can. They even stay with their partner and raise their children. But they are not always like this. Some males or females stray away from their old partner to find a new one that they spend life with. So they are not that different than other animals except for the aspect that they usually stay with their partners and stay with their children for as long as need be.

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  25. Lets be honest, these hearts aren't very sweet at all and just taste like chalk, but anyway here's the history. The hearts were originally used as a kind of cough drop developed in the mid 19th century. Originally they came with heartfelt poems but after suffrage they were printed with important messages. Now today they are produced in mass with dumb little messages. Anyways here are some puns, "Are you made of Copper and Tellurium, cause you are CuTe", "Can you build a muscle with me so I can stop being SINGLE-celled", I really hope my Valentine isn't an atom, they make everything up.

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    1. Nathan,
      You might have a career in this. Way to go! Especially like the atom one. Extra credit all the way!

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    2. Awesome messages! Those must have taken you a while to come up with.

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  26. After reading the article titled Chalk Full of Love: the Evolution of Conversation Hearts, I learned that conversation hearts were first produced by a company called The New England Confectionery Company (NECCO). Pharmacist Oliver Chase began the making of the candies in 1847 while on the hunt for a more efficient method to produce apothecary lozenges. Oliver made a tabletop hand cranked machine and once it was up and running, he started adding sugar and flavoring to the dough instead of creating the lozenges. Originally named motto hearts, conversation hearts have short messages printed on them (over 60 options to choose from!). Each year, the mottos printed on the candy hearts are switched out to fit the trends. As far as biology related messages to be printed on these candies, I’ve come up with “You’re as sweet at glucose”.

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    1. Did you and Brittany think of that one together? I will give you the extra credit also!

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  27. Conversation hearts originated in the 19th century, at first as a way for people to cure their bad breath and sore throats. When companies got tired of making them by hand, they decided to create a machine to do it for them. A man named Oliver Chase invented this machine, and quickly switched from producing lozenges to producing candies. The second they were released, they became a hit, and eventually evolved into the candies known today, now called conversation hearts. I learned the origin of these hearts, along with how Admiral Richard Byrd took over two tons of them to the south pole with him. I also learned that they were a popular wartime candy, motivating soldiers and keeping Morale high. A biology related message could be "You're keystone to me"

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    1. Awesome. Love the Keystone species. Extra credit!

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    2. Yes Robert, I do like your "keystone" reference.

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    3. Well Robert, you tried. Personally, I would have worded your valentine differently. "You are my keystone species."

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  28. I chose to read the article about the conversation hearts. These hearts were first made for soar throat and bad breath but soon transformed into the hearts we know and love today. NECCO was the first company to produce these hearts and were made by hand but soon became mass produced. With the help of vegetable dyes, the sweet messages we find on them today became possible. One message should be "You obviously got checked by DNA polymerase because your perfect"

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  29. I read the second article and my favorite animal was the Macaroni Penguin because it looked cool. It it vulnerable but not endangered. I learned that these unique birds get excited when they see one another and show their love by swinging their heads and cackling. This is known as the ecstatic dance. I am pretty sure Albatrosses mate for life as well.

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  30. I chose to read about the conversation hearts and their history. I learned that candies with messages on them, were being made as early as the 1820's. i also learned that 40% of the Valentines day candy market. And last but not least, that the makers of the conversation hearts is one of the oldest candy companies in the U.S. and that they made the candies when trying to create a new lozenge. Also, some science heart quotes could be "You must be science, cause we have good chemistry" and "I want to be the leading strand to your heart".

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  31. I read the article about the history of candy hearts and the messages that come with them. Candy hearts always are and always will be a symbol people use to catch on another's attention. The idea of a sweet treat delivering a message started in 1820 France; people sent candies such as bonbons in an envelope with personal messages. This trend developed into a hard candy craze with a small message inside. Eventually this trend developed into what it is today, small sweet flavored treats with messages reflecting today's current ideals. Possible biology messages that fit on a small candy heart would me small things like "a <3 u" and "I <3 the cardiovascular system"

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  32. I read the second article which included pictures of monogamous animals and descriptions of how they acted with their mates. My favorite animal was the Lar Gibbon. These animals are primarily monogamous, but some studies have shown that one of ten of their babies are from a different male than the female's partner. I think what makes this animal even more interesting is the fact that it is endangered. This makes it more special than it already is. Because we don't have a lot of these animals, I find them more interesting and I would like to learn more about them.

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    1. I was going to write about the Lar Gibbon too. I find it weird that one of the babies was from another monkey. Its almost like they were cheatin.

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  33. I think it was really cool to look at the history of these well known hearts. They started as a cough drop and have now be some a big part of every Valentine's Day. People give them to each other with these corny messages on them that are printed on every other heart. I personally think the craze is wierd. It's literally a piece of chal that says your cute. You don't need that. Look in the mirror and tell yourself your cute. Besides the point some biology related sayings could be... I'm really attracted to you... And according to newtons laws your attracted to me too. It may not be biology but there's the science behind it. All in all I think the history behind these sweet sweet chalky hearts are cool but honestly they are over rated.

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  34. The Animal I chose to write about is the Bald Eagle. I found out that they are an endangered species, which I found very interesting considering they are our countries national bird, and are protected. In the winter the birds separate and fly south, but come back in spring, to reunite to breed. The reason I chose the bald eagle was because I really think they are beautiful bird. I also think they are an important national symbol.

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  35. I chose to write about the Bald eagle which used to be endangered.It is interesting how the Bald eagle only mates with one partner for life.I found it more interesting that the male cares for the since in most species it is the female.I chose the Bald eagle because I find it as a very interesting bird to me.I can find that it is like many birds that when their mate is killed they are widowed for life.

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  36. I picked the Black-Necked Swan. They aren´t endangered. I find it interesting how swans are often linked to love; it probably has to do with the fact that they mate for life. The males are protective over their females, using their wings to beat away suitors. The swans raise their fledglings together but the father mainly watches over them while the mother searches for food. I know a few kinds of owls mate for life, as well as a few types of penguins.

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  37. I read the article on the sweethearts. These candies were not originally made to be sweet treats. They were originally made to be lozenges to soothe throats. Eventually Oliver Chase changed from making lozenges to candies. These candies were very popular in the military. Admiral Richard Byrd took two tons of these candies with him to the south pole. I personally do not like these candies. They have a weird taste. I think they get their popularity from the little messages displayed on the heart. Some examples of messages are "Love you" or "Be Mine". If i were to make my own message related to biology it would say "You are like oxygen to me, I can't live without you.

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  38. I read the article "10 Amorous Animals That Mate for Life". My favorite is the Macaroni Penguin. Currently, it is vulnerable. I like them the most because they "cackle" and swing their head side to side when they see each other. They are indeed endangered, though.

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    1. The Macaroni Penguin is also one of my favorites. I find it interesting how they can identify which one is there mate since they all look alike.

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  39. I enjoyed looking at photo gallery of animals that mate for life. I chose the macaroni penguin specifically because of its adorable name and because I love birds. I knew prior that some types of penguins mate for life but i wasn't sure what species they were. I think it it's adorable that they get excited when they see each other and have motions to express their love.

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  40. In the first article I learned that conversation hearts originated in 1847 when Oliver Chase, a Boston Pharmacist, wished to change the making of lozenges from handmade to a more efficient production by machines. Once his machine was up and running, he changed the medicine in the lozenges to sugar and began selling candies. The hearts began to have messages on them when in the 1860's, Daniel, Chase's brother, found a way to write directly on the candies with vegetable dye. Currently there are 60 different messages you can find on the candies. Nowadays, about eight billion of these candies are sold each year in America alone. A biology related sentiment could be "got my ion you".

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    1. The history of these candies is really interesting. I think introducing pun candies to the Valentine's market would revolutionize the candy business.

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  41. I read the second article about different animals that mate for life. My favorite one was the Macaroni Penguin mainly because I love penguins but also because the name is amazing. The article says it's Vulnerable which means its on the verge of being endangered. I learned that when mated Macaroni Penguin see each other they display there love by cackling and swinging their heads from side to side. Other than this one I only know that voles mate for life.

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  42. i read the article about candy hearts and found it very interesting that they were originally just made as medicine to cure sore throats and bad breath. but now are responsible for 40 percent of the goodies bought for valentines day. they originally started in Britain in 1847. They are now very popular around the world. i think the candies are a cool a way to give a message but i think there a little over rated.

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  43. I learned that a Boston pharmacist named Oliver Chase invented conversation hearts in 1847. Oliver changed medicine in the lozenges to sugar and started to sell the sugar based candy. In the 1860's messages were started to be imprinted on the hearts. This revolution was from Daniel Chase, Oliver's brother, by using vegetable dye to write the messages on the candies. There are about 60 messages on the candies; however, I think I can make a biology-related one: "If were a DNA strand, I'd never let helicase seperate us"

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  44. After a short glance at just a few of the animals that mate for life, it was easy for me to find the one to choose. Given my name, I thought it was the obvious choice, an animal that moves in a pack of which the social structure is decided by the pairing between the alpha male and female. Breeding once a year, the animal I chose was the Gray Wolf. Canis lupus may not remain endangered much longer due to its now speedy recovery, however it is an animal that I have always found interesting and sometimes receive jokes about because of my name resemblance.

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  45. I read the article about the candy hearts and was pretty surprised by some of the facts presented in the text. Although the origin of the candies isn't too surprising, I found it crazy how eight billion of the little hearts have been sold. They are a huge Valentine's day trademark, but honestly, they taste like chalk soaked in splenda

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  46. I read the article on the candy hearts. The company originated in 1847. the process of making the candies were long and painful. They used veggie dye to ink on the words to the candy. I was surprised that these hearts make up 40% of the Valentine’s Day candy market. Personally I really don’t like the candy hearts they are just sugar that we don’t need. The valentine I found is on cellular respiration. “Whenever I’m near you I undergo anaerobic respiration, Because you take my breath away.”

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  47. I read the article about candy hearts and i thought it was cool that they were 1st made as a medicine or cough drop type product. When now days they are sold as a valentines day gift and are enjoyed by many people.They slowly made their way to being candy hearts but 1st they were neco wafers and were given to soldiers in WW2 and then many years later were turned into the candy heart with messages that they are today! I thought the article was interesting but personally i find candy hearts pretty gross tasting.

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  48. I chose the second article about animals that mate for life, I chose the Black vulture. I know that other types of vultures are endangered but I do not think that the black vulture is one of them. I learned that these birds dont lay their eggs in nests. They actually lay them in small caves and crevices. Another animal I know that mates for life is the Angler fish. After mating, the male angler fish attaches to the back of the female Angler fish he will stay there and eventually die and the female will carry it around for the rest of her life.

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  49. The animal that I chose to write about was black neck swan. The black neck swan aren't endangered, but there is a little concern for its safety. Once they find a mate they stay with the same mate for life. When a would-be suitor approaches their mate, the males beat their wings to get the other male to leave. Something I learned from looking at this article is that a lot of birds mate for life; including sandhill cranes and Macaroni Penguins.

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  50. Today i read the article about candy hearts. This article was very interesting and cool to learn about, through many ways! One thing i thought was neat was that these 'treats" were originally made as lozenges to with a little added sugar. Oliver Chase was the genius behind the idea of the heart shaped candies. I thought it was crazy how a hundred years ago somebody invented this chalky candy, and would sell 8 billion candies annually, in our day in age. Overall i liked this article, and would recommend it to anyone who eats candy.

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  51. After reading the “Chalk Full of Love: The Evolution of Conversation Hearts” I learned that candy heart’s history is a lot longer than I would’ve expected dating back as far as 1820. They started out as candies with sweet letters attached in the mid 19th century. Then they evolved to small wafers to relieve sore throats in 1870s. These NECCO Wafers were loved, being taken on long voyages and given to American soldiers during WWII. After that we get to the candy hearts we know and (sometimes) love. Candy hearts are provided with a variety of messages on them depending on social trends. Now they are being printed with emoji smiley faces and mustaches. With all of these years of sweet messages you’d think mean ones or joke messages would’ve been produced but the NECCO company announced that they will never produce rude candies. I think it would be interesting if the company opened up a customizable option, so you can create your own box of candies.

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  52. I animal I chose was the grey wolf. I know I'm the generic person that pics a wolf but when I was a very young i thought they were the coolest animals ever. although I knew animals mate for life I did not know which ones did and I think it is cool that grey wolfs mate for life.

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  53. I read Chalk Full of Love and found it to be very interesting that the candy hearts are as old as they are. They began being made way back in the 1800s, when they were just messages on wrappers of bonbons in France. However, a few years later the candies became hard candies because of the British. Then, in America, they began to be seen as important to your health because some people believed that it would cure a sore throat or help with a bad headache. As their popularity grow in America their phases became more relevant to the time and popular.

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  54. The article i read was 10 Amorous Animals that mate for life. I learned that animals i wouldn't think mate for life do. Like the Prairie vole. With only a life span of 2 years it finds a partner and mates for life. The Macaroni Penguins also do this. I was very surprised that they do because they all look the same. Lastly (this shocked me the most) Bald eagles mate for life. They separate for the winter and reunite during breeding season. This shows how committed the bald eagles are. leaving for a whole winter and coming back and reuniting with the same bird.

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